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- This file is from Ontrack Computer Systems' BBS (612) 937-0860.
-
-
-
- AT INTERFACE DRIVES
-
-
-
- An AT interface drive, also known as IDE (Integrated Drive
- Electronics), has the ability to configure itself to whatever geometry
- the host system indicates through the setup tables. This is done to
- make the drive standard to a broader range of drive tables. Since the
- geometry is flexible, there doesn't have to be an exact match in the
- system BIOS for the drive to operate at its full capacity. There only
- needs to be an entry which has the same amount of storage.
-
- This approach works fine until an AT interface drive is installed into
- a machine which doesn't have an entry that matches the capacity of
- the drive. In the event that the system doesn't have an entry that has
- the same capacity of the drive, some additional steps will be required.
- The procedure is outlined below.
-
- 1. Find the setup type that is closest to the capacity of the drive,
- making certain that the setup type is not larger than the capacity
- of the drive. Capacity is calculated as follows: heads X cylinders
- X sectors-per-track X 512 (bytes per sector).
-
- 2. When the drive type has been selected you must create an entry
- in the DMPARMS.OCS file which has the same number of heads
- and sectors-per-track but includes enough cylinders to equal the
- actual storage capacity of the drive.
-
- NOTE: The reason that the number of heads and sectors-per-track
- must match is that when Disk Manager informs the system
- that the drive is actually different from what the entry in
- CMOS indicates, the drive will logically re-map itself to the
- new geometry. When this happens the physical sectors
- (which contain data) are remapped logically. Fortunately, if
- the number of heads and sectors-per-track don't change the
- physical to logical sector relationship doesn't change either.
- The additional data area is simply added to the end of the
- logical structure under which the drive was operating when
- the computer was booted (prior to the system loading
- DMDRVR.BIN). Unfortunately, if the number of heads or
- sectors-per-track change (due to a difference between the
- BIOS drive table and the parameters loaded by
- DMDRVR.BIN) then the physical to logical sector
- relationship also changes. When this happens, the boot
- process is halted since the data has been moved and the
- operating system has not been informed.
-
- Here is an example using a 100Mb drive with the AT interface:
-
- In an IBM AT the closest drive type would be type 4. This drive type
- has 940 cylinders, 8 heads and 17 sectors-per-track. Using the formula
- we find this drive type to be 65 Mb:
-
- 940 X 8 X 17 X 512 = 65,454,080
-
- If the result had matched the capacity of the drive we would be able
- to simply use the drive type 4 geometry and call the drive a standard
- drive. More likely however, we will need to work backwards to
- determine what the entry in the parameter file will look like. Working
- backwards the formula looks like this:
-
- 100,000,000 / 512 / 17 / 8 = 1436.12
-
- Since we can only work with whole numbers the result will be
- truncated. When the number comes out with a remainder, as it has in
- the example, the digits to the right of the decimal point must be
- dropped. We will now use the 1436 cylinders in the DMPARMS.OCS
- file to describe the drive. The entry will look like this:
-
- My-100M 1436,8,0,65535,11,13,12,180,40,1436,17
-
- The values in the string of numbers identify the following:
-
- number of cylinders (1436), number of heads (8), reduced write
- current start cylinder (0), write precompensation start cylinder (65535),
- ECC correction length (11), control byte (13), standard time-out value
- (12), format drive time-out value (180), check drive timeout value
- (40), landing zone cylinder number (1436), sectors-per-track (17),
- reserved (not shown in the example)
-
- When the entry has been added to the list it will appear in the list
- when the manufacturer to which the entry has been added is selected.
-
- 3. When the above steps have been completed, Disk Manager can
- be run in either the automatic or manual mode. The only
- difference is that you will use the "My-100M" model drive rather
- than the actual model number.